Last Updated: 2024-11-23

Option 1: With sudo

If you start off as not root, this is a good option

sudo -u www-data -i -- wp plugin --path=/var/www/html activate s3-uploads

Explanation:

• "-u" Run as www-data user
• "-i" runs the shell specified by the password database entry of the target user as a login shell. This means that login-specific resource files such as .profile or .login will be read by the shell.

Option 2: With su

If you start off as root (instead of someone else) you can use su to run a command as someone else

su -c "wp plugin --path=/var/www/html activate s3-uploads" www-data

Explanation:

• "-c ..." the command
• 2nd positional argument: the user to run it has

Downsides of su:

The su version has limitations, in that it always executes the shell listed in /etc/passwd, therefore is incompatible e.g. with /usr/sbin/nologin

Therefore if I had this entry for www-data then I'd be unable to login and therefore unable to use su. Sure enough this happened:

www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin

This can be fixed by changing the shell for that user to be one that permits log in.

chsh -s /bin/bash www-data